Mary-Lucy Okwuowulu (DMMM)
Department of Art in Visual Media
American University of Florence, Italy

Abstract

This study explores the concept of Inculturation within the Catholic Christian tradition in Nigeria,
with a specific focus on Marian iconography. Rooted in the framework of inculturation theology,
the research interrogates how indigenous cultural aesthetics, symbols, and spiritual expressions
can be integrated into Catholic representations of the Virgin Mary. The study employs a
qualitative methodology, utilizing semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus group
discussions with three Catholic bishops and a selection of Catholic faithful across Nigeria.
Through their lived experiences and theological reflections, the study examines how traditional
Marian images, often based on Western iconographic standards, may be reimagined to reflect
Nigerian cultural identity without compromising doctrinal integrity. A visual model of a proposed
Nigerian Marian iconography is developed, reflecting elements of local dress, symbols, and
spirituality, thereby bridging the gap between faith and culture. Findings reveal a strong desire
among participants for contextualized religious symbols that affirm their cultural heritage while
deepening devotion. This study contributes to ongoing scholarly and ecclesial discourse on
African Christianity by offering a theological and artistic paradigm for Marian representation that
resonates with Nigerian cultural sensibilities and enhances religious expression in contemporary
Catholic worship.

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